Tunga

Tunga (Palmares PE 1952, Rio de Janeiro RJ 2016)

Tunga (Antônio José de Barros Carvalho e Mello Mourão) was a Brazilian sculptor, draftsman, and performance artist, known for his innovative and multidisciplinary approach. Born in Palmares, Pernambuco, on February 8, 1952, Tunga is considered one of the most emblematic figures in Brazilian art. He graduated in architecture and urban planning from Santa Úrsula University in Rio de Janeiro in 1974. Throughout his career, Tunga contributed to the magazine Malasartes and the newspaper A Parte do Fogo, in addition to giving lectures at the Institute of Philosophy of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Santa Úrsula University, and Candido Mendes University during the 1980s.

His work was profoundly influenced by a wide range of knowledge, including literature, philosophy, psychoanalysis, theater, and disciplines from the exact and biological sciences. Tunga developed a powerful, profound, and self-referential body of work that denies linear time and relies on materiality, topology, symbology, and processes of transformation and metamorphosis.

In 1986, Tunga received the State Government Award for his exhibition at the Rio Grande do Sul Museum of Art. The following year, the artist developed the video "Nervo de Prata" (Silver Nerve), in collaboration with Arthur Omar. In 1990, Tunga was awarded the Brasília Prize for Visual Arts, and in 1991, he received the Mário Pedrosa Prize from the Brazilian Association of Art Critics (ABCA) for the work "Preliminares do Palíndromo Incesto" (Preliminary to the Incest Palindrome). Tunga was also the first contemporary artist and the first Brazilian to exhibit at the iconic Louvre Museum in Paris, in 2005.

His work has been exhibited in important biennials and international exhibitions, including the 40th Venice Biennale, the 10th Havana Biennale, the 10th Documenta Kassel, and the 5th Lyon Biennale, as well as at the Whitechapel Gallery in London, the Museum of Contemporary Art of Chicago and the Museum of Modern Art PS1 in New York, the Jeu de Paume and the Centre de la Vieille Charité in Paris, and the Moderna Museet in Stockholm. Tunga's works also appear in the permanent collections of renowned international museums, such as the Guggenheim Museum in Venice, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Tate Modern in London, the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid, the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, and the Centre Pompidou in Paris.

During the 2000s, Tunga continued to explore new forms and materials, developing works with bells, mondrongos, bottles, chalices, jewelry, teeth, wings, portals, lamps, tripods, thimbles, and scales, which became characteristic of his work. Beginning in 2004, he occupied three floors of the Banco do Brasil Cultural Center in a project involving a monumental installation with red light, the voice of Arnaldo Antunes, and a 14-meter-high triad of bells, chalices, and bottles. During the same period, he performed performances such as Encarnações Miméticas and Experiência com Ynaiê, and created the films Quimera (2004) and Medula (2005), both in partnership with filmmaker Eryk Rocha.

Furthermore, Tunga created the True Rouge Gallery at the Inhotim Institute, the museum's first permanent installation, and the Tunga Psychoactive Gallery, which houses more than 20 of his works. Among the pieces exhibited at Inhotim are Ão (1981), Vanguarda Viperina (1985), Palíndromo Incesto (1990-1992), Prole do Bebê (2000), and Toro Condensed (1983).

In 2002, Tunga was awarded the title of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the French government in recognition of his contributions to contemporary art. Tunga also wrote the book "Barroco de Lírios" (1997), a retrospective of his major works between 1981 and 1996. The work was conceived by the artist as an art object, with texts written by him and graphic elements that served as unsigned multiples.

He passed away in Rio de Janeiro on June 6, 2016. The Tunga Institute, founded after his death, has dedicated itself to the preservation, conservation, cataloging, and dissemination of his vast artistic output. The institute has held major exhibitions and collaborated on numerous publications, in addition to working on the Catalogue Raisonné, which will map all of Tunga's two-dimensional works in a free, bilingual online publication.

Critical Commentary

Tunga was an artist whose work moves between sculpture, drawing, and performance, characterized by constant experimentation and the exploration of materials and meanings. The son of writer Gerardo de Mello Mourão, he was exposed to Brazilian modernism from an early age and began his career in the early 1970s with drawings and figurative sculptures that addressed bold themes, such as the series "Museum of Child Masturbation" (1974). In the second half of the decade, he began working with three-dimensional pieces and installations, using materials such as chains, light bulbs, electrical wires, felt, and rubber. These elements, in addition to being aesthetically meticulous, were used to create symbolic and energetic relationships between the parts of the work, with a strong influence from the work of Joseph Beuys.

In 1980, Tunga presented the installation "Ao," in which he screened a film made in the Dois Irmãos tunnel in Rio de Janeiro. The film repeated a sequence of images, creating the sensation of an infinite circular movement. The work suggests an isolated structure, disconnected from the outside world, which led critic Carlos Basualdo to comment on the artist's journey: "Tunga declares that the process of creating this work led him far from his initial intentions, enclosing him in a series perhaps as infinite as the tunnel itself of enigmatic accounts and quasi-archaeological discoveries."

In the following years, Tunga continued exploring themes and forms that evoked archaeological or scientific findings, such as in Les Bijoux de Mme. Sade (1983), where he constructed a metal circle in the shape of a bone, and in Vanguarda Viperina (1986) and Xipófagas Capilares Entre Nós (1985), which propose symbolic interpretations of situations that defy normality. The relationship between his works is constant, as he himself described it: "a set of works; where one always leads to the other, as if a magnet existed between them." This self-referential character is especially evident in the video "Nervo de Prata" (1987), made in partnership with Arthur Omar, where the works influence each other, creating a universe of their own.

In 1989, Tunga expressed his aesthetic project as the redefinition of sculpture, not simply as static volumes, but as groupings of expanding and interrelated forms. This approach manifested itself in works such as "Lizarte" (1989), which brought back objects recurrent in the artist's poetry, such as hair, clubs, magnets, and braids. In the 1990s, Tunga's work began to more intensely incorporate the interaction between three-dimensional pieces and performances, as in "Inside Out, Upside Down (Ponta Cabeça)" (1994/1997), and "Resgate" (2001), expanding the boundaries of his artistic explorations.

Notes
1 BASUALDO, Carlos. A viperine avant-garde. In: TUNGA. Tunga: 1977-1997. Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998. p. 42.
2 cited in ROLNIK, Suely. Installations of Worlds. In: TUNGA. Tunga: 1977-1997. Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998. p. 129.
3 BASUALDO, Carlos. Op. cit. p. 51.

Reviews

Angélica de Moraes

Tunga exhibits metaphors of love

"At Galeria Luisa Strina, the artist exhibits seven sets of object-sculptures that, at first glance, appear to be ceramic pieces. The earthy color is deceptive. It doesn't come from the material, but from its unusual finish: makeup. The pieces are cast in bronze and covered with foundation, lipstick, and compact powder. The resulting surface isn't intended to be a perfect simulacrum of skin: it preserves the trace of the hand that molded it in clay.
The object-sculptures were born from the drawing of joined bodies. The artist isolated the line that simultaneously defines two people: a border and a blend of skins, communicating and incommunicating vessels. A metaphor for loving relationships, this line gained volume and expanded into two forms: urn and chalice (or open and closed, masculine and feminine). Filling the space between them, a lip. The visual equation is assembled, which, in keeping with Tunga's habits, was also fed by countless research sources, including the exact sciences.

Source: MORAES, Angélica de. "Tunga exposes metaphors of love." In: O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, March 15, 1994. Notebook 2, p.D1.

Paul Sztulman

Tunga

"Tunga belongs to the generation of Brazilian artists who followed Hélio Oiticica and Lygia Clark. An architect by training, immersed in literature (from Nerval to Borges) and in philosophical and scientific references (archaeology, paleontology, zoology, medicine), his work bears the mark of the great fictions of the Latin American continent. Frequently dealing with excess—many of his works were created through the accumulation of heavy materials (iron, copper, magnets)—he presents common objects that have undergone a strange transformation: thimbles, giant needles, or combs. He invents a fantastic bestiary of mutant lizards and snakes that seems straight out of a surrealist anthology. Playing with differences in proportions, Tunga considers sculpture as a set of enigmatic forms and figures whose strangeness and fabulous proportions intrigue the viewer and disrupt their usual perception of near and distant, inside and outside, full and empty. His interest in the unconscious and, particularly, in the associative processes of the dream world, as well as in the metaphor, led him to create works of art with multiple ramifications and effects of meaning. These intertwine with eruptions of the fantastic, inviting the viewer to penetrate a baroque universe where the real and the imaginary cannot be distinguished.

Source: SZTULMAN, Paul. "Tunga." In: Documenta 10. Kassel: Documenta, 1997. p. 226. (Translated text)

Suely Rolnik

Installations of Worlds

"Many are the devices that trigger works, operators of contagion and hybridization. They serve to bind together the set of elements that will constitute a single work, or to join and amalgamate several works among themselves and, in this combination, produce another, unprecedented one. One of them, perhaps the most recurrent, is gelatin. A slimy organic matter, similar to bodily fluids—drool, snot, sperm—that smears everything, producing a continuum. [...] Another recurring device in the fabrication of hybrids: magnets. At first glance, using them to bind materials seems obvious: the vocation of magnets is precisely to produce attraction between minerals. However, when fulfilling their purpose in the unexpected context of a work of art, they provoke strangeness. [...]
Other unexpected joining operators: lipstick, foundation, and compact powder make up chalices, urns, and 'lips', making them a single body. Still others: very fine threads of All kinds—copper, nylon, or silver—unite the elements on stage in different works. Finally, a type of operator worth highlighting: Tunga's texts that sometimes accompany his works. Narratives with references to imaginary documents—newspaper clippings, research reports, testimonies, telegrams, letters, archaeological inscriptions, paleontological finds, records of telepathic experiences, etc.—produce a pseudoscientific fabrication imbued with mystery and magic that ultimately contaminates the work. In these texts, where fiction intertwines with objective and biographical data, work and life become inseparable—life becomes work, and the work, a cartography of life. As if the new links that unite incomprehensible ingredients to create a work, or several works to create a new one, were of the order of the necessary and, therefore, amenable to scientific explanation.

Source: ROLNIK, Suely. "Instaurations of Worlds." In: TUNGA. Tunga: 1977-1997. Curated by Carlos Basualdo. Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1998, p. 115-136.

Solo Exhibitions

1974 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - O Museu da Masturbação Infantil, at the Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro - MAM/RJ
1975 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo exhibition, at MAM/RJ
1976 - São Paulo, SP - Tunga: Drawings and Objects, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1979 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Pálpebras, at Centro Cultural Candido Mendes
1980 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo exhibition, at Espaço ABC
1981 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1982 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo exhibition, at Centro Cultural Candido Mendes
1983 - São Paulo, SP - As Jóias da Senhora de Sade, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1984 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Tranças, at GB ARTe
1985 - São Paulo, SP - Tunga: Sculptures, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1986 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Saramenha
1989 - Chicago, USA - Option 37: Tunga, at Museum of Contemporary Art
1989 - London, UK - Solo exhibition, at Whitechapel Art Gallery
1989 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Paulo Klabin
1989 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1990 - Amsterdam, Netherlands - Solo exhibition, at Pulitzer Art Gallery
1990 - Glasgow, Scotland - Solo exhibition, at The Third Eye Center
1990 - Toronto, Canada - Interceptions, at The Power Plant Contemporary Art Gallery
1991 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Preliminares do Palíndromo Incesto, at GB ARTe
1991 - São Paulo, SP - Preliminares do Palíndromo Incesto, at Galeria Millan
1992 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Sero Te Amavi, at Galeria Saramenha
1992 - São Paulo, SP - Antigas Minúcias, at Marília Razuk Galeria de Arte
1992 - São Paulo, SP - Sero Te Amavi, at Galeria Millan
1994 - New York, USA - Tunga: Installations and Sculptures, at The Museum of Contemporary Art
1994 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Tunga: Sculptures, at Galeria Paulo Fernandes
1994 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1994 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Millan
1995 - New York, USA - Sero Te Amavi, at The New Museum of Contemporary Art
1996 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria André Millan
1996 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1997 - Miami, USA - Tunga: 1977-1997, at Museum of Contemporary Art Joan Lehman Building
1997 - New York, USA - Tunga: 1977-1997, at Center for Curatorial Studies
1997 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Tunga, at Galeria Thomas Cohn
1998 - Caracas, Venezuela - Tunga: 1977-1997, at Museo Alejandro Otero
1999 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Luisa Strina
2001 - Paris, France - Solo exhibition, at Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume
2001 - São Paulo, SP - Resgate, at CCBB
2004 - São Paulo, SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Millan Antonio

Group Exhibitions

1973 - Valparaíso (Chile) - Group Exhibition, at the Institute of Art, University of Valparaíso
1974 - São Paulo SP - 6th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1979 - Milan (Italy) - Camere Incantate, at Palazzo Reale
1981 - Porto Alegre RS - Brazilian Artists of the 60s and 70s in the Rubem Knijnik Collection, at Espaço NO Galeria Chaves
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - From Modern to Contemporary: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1981 - São Paulo SP - 16th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1982 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Brazil: 60 Years of Modern Art, Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
1982 - Lisbon (Portugal) - From Modern to Contemporary: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
1982 - London (UK) - Brazil: 60 Years of Modern Art, Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Barbican Art Gallery
1982 - Venice (Italy) - 41st Venice Biennale – Brazilian Pavilion, with Sérgio de Camargo
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 13 Artists/13 Works, at Thomas Cohn Arte Contemporânea
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 3000 Cubic Meters, at Espaço Cultural Sérgio Porto
1983 - São Paulo SP - Imagining the Present, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Exhibition, at GB Arte
1984 - São Paulo SP - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection: Portrait and Self-Portrait of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1985 - Caracas (Venezuela) - Escultura 85, at Museo Ambiental
1985 - Niterói RJ - A Light over the City, at Galeria de Artes da UFF
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Encounters, at Petite Galeria
1985 - São Paulo SP - Seven Artists, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1985 - São Paulo SP - Trends in Artist Books in Brazil, at CCSP
1985 - Tokyo (Japan) - Today's Art of Brazil, at Hara Museum of Contemporary Art
1986 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 1st Latin American Biennial of Paper Art, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires – awarded
1986 - Niterói RJ - 1083º, at UFF. Documentation Center
1986 - Porto Alegre RS - Paths of Brazilian Drawing, at Margs – State Government Prize
1986 - Porto Alegre RS - Rubem Knijnik Collection: Brazilian Art of the 60s/70s/80s, at Margs
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 10th Carioca Art Salon, at Estação Carioca Metro Station
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Transvanguard and National Cultures, at MAM/RJ
1986 - São Paulo SP - Transvanguard and National Cultures, at MAM/SP
1987 - Paris (France) - Modernity: 20th Century Brazilian Art, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - To the Collector: Homage to Gilberto Chateaubriand, at MAM/RJ
1987 - São Paulo SP - 19th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1988 - Campinas SP - 13th Contemporary Art Salon of Campinas, at MACC
1988 - New York (USA) - Painting Degree Zero, at Terne Gallery
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Point for 21, at Rio Design Center
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - A Sculpture for the Sea of Angra, at EAV/Parque Lage
1988 - São Paulo SP - 19th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1988 - São Paulo SP - Modernity: 20th Century Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1989 - Amsterdam (Netherlands) - U-ABC, at Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
1989 - Kortrijk (Belgium) - Cildo Meireles: through/Tunga: lezarts, at Kannal Art Foundation
1989 - London (UK) - Cildo Meireles, Tunga, at Whitechapel Gallery
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Our 80s, at Casa de Cultura Laura Alvim
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Today, at MAM/RJ
1989 - São Paulo SP - 10 Sculptors, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1989 - São Paulo SP - The Small Infinite and the Large Circumscribed, at Arco Arte Contemporânea Galeria Bruno Musatti
1990 - Birmingham (UK) - Transcontinental, at Ikon Gallery
1990 - Brasília DF - Brasília Plastic Arts Prize, at MAB/DF
1990 - Lisbon (Portugal) - U-ABC, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
1991 - Stockholm (Sweden) - Viva Brazil Viva, at Kulturhuset, Konstavdelningen och Liljevalchs Konsthall
1991 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Image upon Image, at Espaço Cultural Sérgio Porto
1991 - São Paulo SP - 22nd Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1992 - Berlin (Germany) - Klima Global, at Staatliche Kunsthalle
1992 - Curitiba PR - 10th Curitiba Printmaking Exhibition / América Exhibition, at Museu da Gravura
1992 - Paris (France) - Désordres, at Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume
1992 - Paris (France) - Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century, at Centre Georges Pompidou
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st Towards Niterói: João Sattamini Collection, at Paço Imperial
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Differences, at MNBA
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Sculpture 92: Seven Expressions, at Espaço RB1
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Coca-Cola 50 Years with Art, at MAM/RJ
1992 - São Paulo SP - Coca-Cola 50 Years with Art, at MAM/SP
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Arte Amazonas, at MAM/RJ
1992 - São Paulo SP - Arte Amazonas, at Fundação Bienal
1992 - Brasília DF - Arte Amazonas, at MAB/DF
1992 - Berlin (Germany) - Arte Amazonas, at Staatliche Kunsthalle
1992 - São Paulo SP - 60s/70s: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection Museu de Arte Moderna-RJ, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1992 - São Paulo SP - Dominant White, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1992 - São Paulo SP - Galeria Millan: inaugural exhibition, at Galeria Millan
1992 - Seville (Spain) - Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century, at Estación Plaza de Armas
1992 - Paris (France) - Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century, at Centre Georges Pompidou
1993 - Brasília DF - A Look at Joseph Beuys, at Fundação Athos Bulcão
1993 - Cologne (Germany) - Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century, at Kunsthalle Cologne
1993 - New York (USA) - Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century, at MoMA
1993 - Los Angeles (USA) - Body to Earth, at Fischer Gallery, University of Southern California
1993 - Newcastle (UK) - Second Tyne International Exhibition of Contemporary Art, at Computer Warehouse Ltd
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Erotic Art, at MAM/RJ
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil: 100 Years of Modern Art, at MNBA
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Emblems of the Body: the Nude in Modern Brazilian Art, at CCBB
1993 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art in the World: A Trajectory – 24 Brazilian Artists, at Dan Galeria
1993 - São Paulo SP - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi

1994 - Havana (Cuba) - 5th Havana Biennial
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Powers of the Organic, at Museus Castro Maya / Museu do Açude
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1994 - Rotterdam (Netherlands) - Call it Sleep, at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
1994 - São Paulo SP - 22nd São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1994 - São Paulo SP - 20th Century Brazil Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1995 - Caracas (Venezuela) - 2nd Clay Biennial of America, at Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sophia Imber
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ and Belo Horizonte MG - Libertines/Libertarians, at Funarte and Centro Cultural da UFMG
1995 - São Paulo SP - Between Drawing and Sculpture, at MAM/SP
1995 - São Paulo SP - Morandi in Brazil, at CCSP
1995 - Venice (Italy) - Avant-Garde Walk in Venice 1995
1996 - New York (USA) - Avant-Garde Walk in Soho 1996
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Mensa/Mensae, at Funarte, National Center of Folklore and Popular Culture
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Transparencies, at MAM/RJ
1996 - São Paulo SP - 2nd United Artists: Utopia, at Casa das Rosas
1997 - Kassel (Germany) - 10th Documenta, at Museum Fridericianum
1997 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - There Are Soups, at Paço Imperial
1997 - São Paulo SP - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1997 - São Paulo SP - Diversity of Contemporary Brazilian Sculpture, Avenida Paulista – organized by Ministry of Culture/Itaú Cultural
1997 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Sculpture: Profile of an Identity, at Banco Safra
1997 - São Paulo SP - Three-Dimensionality: 20th Century Brazilian Art, at Itaú Cultural
1997 - Washington (USA) - Brazilian Sculpture: Profile of an Identity, at BID Cultural Center
1998 - Belo Horizonte MG - Three-Dimensionality in 20th Century Brazilian Art, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - Brasília DF - Three-Dimensionality in 20th Century Brazilian Art, at Galeria Itaú Cultural
1998 - Niterói RJ - Mirror of the Biennale, at MAC/Niterói
1998 - Niterói RJ - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAC/Niterói
1998 - Penápolis SP - Three-Dimensionality in 20th Century Brazilian Art, at Galeria Itaú Cultural
1998 - Porto Alegre RS - Sender, at Espaço Cultural Ulbra
1998 - Recife PE - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at Mamam
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Art in the Collection of the São Paulo Museum of Modern Art: Recent Donations 1996–1998, at CCBB
1998 - Salvador BA - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAM/BA
1998 - São Paulo SP - 24th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1998 - São Paulo SP - Elective Affinities I: The Collector’s Eye, at Casa das Rosas
1998 - São Paulo SP - Theory of Values, at MAM/SP
1999 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Latin America from the Avant-Garde to the End of the Millennium, at Culturgest
1999 - Porto Alegre RS - 2nd Mercosur Visual Arts Biennial, at Espaço Margs, Espaço Usina Gasômetro and Espaço Armazém do Cais do Porto (former DEPREC)
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Image of Sound by Chico Buarque, at Paço Imperial
1999 - Santa Monica (USA) - Waltercio Caldas, Cildo Meireles, Mira Schendel, Tunga, at Christopher Grimes Gallery
1999 - São Paulo SP - 3rd Contemporary Heritages, at MAC/USP
2000 - Colchester (UK) - Outros 500: Highlights of Brazilian Contemporary Art in UECLAA, at Art Gallery, University of Essex
2000 - Curitiba PR - 12th Curitiba Printmaking Exhibition. Marks of the Body, Folds of the Soul
2000 - Lyon (France) - Lyon Biennial
2000 - Lisbon (Portugal) - 20th Century: Art of Brazil, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Situations: Brazilian Art of the 70s, at Fundação Casa França-Brasil
2000 - Salvador BA - The Quietude of the Earth: Daily Life, Contemporary Art and Projeto Axé, at MAM/BA
2000 - São Paulo SP - Ars Erótica: Sex and Eroticism in Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brazil + 500: Exhibition of the Rediscovery, at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Sculpture: From the Pinacoteca to Jardim da Luz, at Pinacoteca do Estado
2000 - São Paulo SP - New Works, at MAC/USP
2001 - Campinas SP - (Almost) Ephemeral Art, at Itaú Cultural
2001 - Madrid (Spain) - The End of the Eclipse: Latin American Art in the Transition to the 21st Century, at Fundación Telefónica
2001 - New York (USA) - Brazil: Body and Soul, at Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
2001 - Oxford (UK) - Experiment Experiência: Art in Brazil 1958–2000, at Museum of Modern Art
2001 - Porto Alegre RS - Liba and Rubem Knijnik Collection: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Margs
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Watercolor, at Centro Cultural Light
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Blind Mirror: Selections from a Contemporary Collection, at Paço Imperial
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Spirit of Our Time, at MAM/RJ
2001 - São Paulo SP - 70s: Trajectories, at Itaú Cultural
2001 - São Paulo SP - Arco das Rosas: The Dealer as Curator, at Casa das Rosas
2001 - São Paulo SP - Blind Mirror: Selections from a Contemporary Collection, at MAM/SP
2001 - São Paulo SP - The Spirit of Our Time, at MAM/SP
2001 - São Paulo SP - The Trajectory of Light in Brazilian Art, at Itaú Cultural
2002 - Brasília DF - Fragments to Your Magnet, at Espaço Cultural Contemporâneo Venâncio
2002 - Liverpool (UK) - Pot
2002 - Madrid (Spain) - Arco/2002, at Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I
2002 - Niterói RJ - Sattamini Collection: Sculptures and Objects, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Niterói RJ - Dialogue, Antagonism and Replication in the Sattamini Collection, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Porto Alegre RS - Violence and Passion, at Santander Cultural
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Archipelagos: The Plural Universe of MAM, at MAM/RJ
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Artefoto, at CCBB
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Paths of the Contemporary 1952–2002, at Paço Imperial
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Construction Site of Circo Voador, at Circo Voador
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st Rio Contemporary Art Exhibition, at MAM/RJ
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Parallels: Brazilian Art of the Second Half of the 20th Century in Context, Colección Cisneros, at MAM/RJ
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Selection from UCAM Art Collection, at Centro Cultural Candido Mendes
2002 - São Paulo SP - 10 Years Marília Razuk, at Marília Razuk Galeria de Arte
2002 - São Paulo SP - Map of the Now: Recent Brazilian Art in João Sattamini Collection at Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2002 - São Paulo SP - Open Opera: Celebration, at Casa das Rosas
2002 - São Paulo SP - Paralela, at Galpão, Avenida Matarazzo, 530
2002 - São Paulo SP - Parallels: Brazilian Art of the Second Half of the 20th Century in Context, Colección Cisneros, at MAM/SP
2002 - São Paulo SP - Pot, at Galeria Fortes Vilaça
2003 - Brasília DF - Artefoto, at CCBB
2003 - Niterói RJ - Appropriations: Short-Circuit of Participatory Experiences, at MAC/Niterói
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 70s Drawing, at MAM/RJ
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Grande Orlândia: Artists Below the Equator
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Twenty-Five Years: Galeria de Arte Cândido Mendes, at Galeria Cândido Mendes
2003 - São Paulo SP - The Subversion of Means, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Sculptors – Sculptures, at Pinakotheke
2003 - Vila Velha ES - The Salt of the Earth, at Museu Vale do Rio Doce
2004 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 30 Artists, at Mercedes Viegas Escritório de Arte
2004 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Contemporary Brazilian Art in Rio Collections, at MAM/RJ
2004 - São Paulo SP - Photography and Sculpture in MAM Collection 1995–2004, at MAM/SP
2004 - São Paulo SP - The Price of Seduction: From Corset to Silicone, at Itaú Cultural
2005 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 10 Indicate 10, at Centro Cultural Cândido Mendes
2005 - São Paulo SP - The Body in Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Itaú Cultural